http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12474/12 Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:58:46 GMT 2026-04-14T11:58:46Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12474/63 The Impacts of Changes in Macro-Economic Data on Net Working Capital: The Case of Turkey's Industrial Sector Çelik, Reşit; Bilen, Bahar; Bilen, Ömer Ability to pay of a company's short term liabilities is closely related to its strong liquidity structure. One of the most important factors affecting the liquidity of a company is operating cycle. The main factors that determine the operating cycle of the company is its stock supply term, production stage time and debt payment due. These factors determine the amount of net working capital. Net working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from short term liabilities and the management of net working capital is extremely important for the liquidity of a company. Many businesses may have financial difficulty even go bankrupt tragically due to miscalculation net working capital need or incorrect financial resources to finance to the net working capital need. In this study, it is intended to analyse the effects of changes in macroeconomic data over net working capitals of enterprises. For this purpose it has been calculated net working capital of the industrial market by using its sectoral balance sheet which was issued by Central Bank of the Turkish Republic for period of 1996-2014. The later it has been determined positive and negative trends of sector's net working capital by years and modelled for inflation, exchange rates and interest rates to determine if these macro-economic variables effect on net working capital of the industrial market. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12474/63 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12474/62 Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures: Evidence from Turkish Banking Sector Akın, Ahmet; Yılmaz, İlker Traditionally, the primary objective of financial management is known as the maximization of shareholder wealth. Companies are also responsible for the interests of stakeholders and society at large. The concept which describes this new approach is called as "Corporate Social Responsibility" (CSR). It is an interdisciplinary and multidimensional concept. Companies disclose theirCSR activities through annual reports or a special CSR report. Measurement of social performance is a subjective and judgmentalissue, and one of the methods for this purpose is to score companies based on their CSR disclosures. The level and quality ofCSR disclosures depend on several factors. We search for the relationship between CSR disclosure scores and corporate governance related bank characteristics by considering five dimensions of CSR. We find out that stock exchange listing, ownership and bank type influence the CSR disclosure of banks. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12474/62 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12474/54 "The Analysis of the Regional Sub-Systems" in International Relations: South and East Asia as a Regional Sub-System Karaca, Ragıp Kutay; Yüce, Müge This study examines the “regional sub-system” analysis that aims to emphasize regional dynamics in the field of International Relations with a theoretical and applied approach. It has been aimed to prove that the South and East Asia region, which was subject to the examination within the scopes of the fundamental hypotheses of regional sub-system analysis, have a unique structure that differs from the global system, while having important contact points with the global system. According to the findings of the study, the South and East Asia subsystem exhibits a view where the “balance of power” is emphasized more than other regions, and where China emerges as the dominant economic and political power. Fri, 01 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12474/54 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12474/52 Perceptions of Democracy in Turkey: Gender, Ethnic, and Religious Dynamics Akboğa, Sema; Şahin, Osman Disputes over the meaning of democracy make it difficult to find a clearly definable use for the term, which could be identified as correct. People’s definitions of democracy vary because factors including historical baggage, and gender, ethnic, and religious identity shape what people understand from democracy. Dalton, et al. (2007) suggest that definitions of democracy focus on one of three things: institutions and procedures; rights and freedoms; and social benefits. While some scholars focus on elections in their definitions of democracy (Huntington, 1991; Schumpeter, 1943), others suggest that non-electoral features of a democracy, such as the rule of law, deserve equal consideration (Diamond, 1999). Both approaches are criticized by those who argue that definitions focusing only on procedures and institutions or freedoms and liberties tend to neglect the significance of social and economic outcomes of democracy. Huber, et al. (1997), for example, argue that a democracy solely based on institutions and guarantees of freedoms does not always produce social and economic equality. The vast diversity of definitions of democracy—among citizens of the same nation as well as among different nations should be recognized. Indeed, the scarce literature on citizens’ views on democracy (Ferrin & Kriesi, 2016) demonstrates that people conceptualize democracy in various ways (Baviskar & Malone, 2004; Bratton & Mattes, 2001; Canache, 2012; Carlin & Singer, 2011; Dalton, et al., 2007; Miller, et al., 1997; Shin & Cho, 2010). Depending on their experiences, people prioritize some components of democracy over the others (Bratton & Mattes, 2001), which in turn shapes their attitudes toward it. For example, while more than 40 percent of people in established democracies of the West define democracy with reference to rights and freedoms (Dalton, et al., 2007), many people in other parts of the world equate democracy with more access to health and education, less poverty, and more equality (Baviskar & Malone, 2004). In some African countries, people include economic components such as jobs for everyone, quality education, and a smaller income gap in their definitions of democracy (Bratton & Mattes, 2001). Similarly, the majority of citizens of Algeria and Lebanon consider characteristics such as low economic inequality and basic necessities for all as more essential to democracy than political characteristics (Tessler, et al., 2012). Drawing on this literature, we investigate how different groups in Turkey, a country that is predominantly Muslim and highly polarized across sectarian and ethnic lines, define democracy. We study whether there are differences between men and women, Kurds and Turks, Alevis and Sunnis in terms of (1) their definitions of democracy and a democratic state and (2) their expectations of a democratic state. We conducted 60 in-depth interviews in five cities in Turkey between April 2014 and July 2014. Participants were selected through purposive sampling for the sample to represent different gender, ethnic, sectarian, and socioeconomic groups in Turkey, enabling us to compare various groups’ views on democracy. We asked participants the following questions: (1) What is democracy? (2) What are the most essential features of democracy? (3) What does a democratic state mean to you? (4) What is the role of the state in a democratic society? All interviews were recorded and transcribed. During the analysis of the interviews, we coded for patterns and emerging themes by using grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Our analysis reveals that gender, ethnic, and religious identities and their histories of relations with the state have a decisive impact on which of these features is chosen by individuals when defining democracy and formulating their expectations of a democratic state. Members of groups that have a problematic history with the state (i.e., women, Kurds, and Alevis) are more likely to emphasize rights and freedoms. For example, the majority of women in our sample define democracy as a regime in which women’s rights and freedoms are protected and gender equality is achieved. Similarly, both Kurds and Alevis formulate their expectations of a democratic state in terms of being equal to Turks and Sunnis, respectively. Members of groups that do not have a problematic history with the state (i.e., male Sunni Turks) are more likely to emphasize economic welfare in their definitions of democracy. Even when they include the provision of equality among their expectations of a democratic state, most argue that a democratic state should achieve economic equality to a certain extent. This finding suggests that rather than imposing a single definition of democracy on people, there is a need to study individuals’ understanding of democracy, as well as their expectations of a democratic state, by situating their views in a historical and political context. Fri, 01 Jun 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12474/52 2018-06-01T00:00:00Z